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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;21:514-519
© 2002 Elsevier Science NL

Stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma: really an early stage?

Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Torino, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, v. Genova 3, 10126 Turin, Italy

Received 17 September 2001; received in revised form 5 December 2001; accepted 10 December 2001.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-011-633-6775; fax: +39-011-696-0170
e-mail: ottavio.rena{at}tiscalinet.it

Objective: We review our results on surgical treatment of patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma and we attempted to clarify the prognostic significance of some surgical–pathologic variables. Methods: From 1993 to 1999, 667 patients received curative lung resection and complete hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy for non-small cell lung cancer. Of these, there were 436 Stage I disease (65%), of whom 144 T1N0 and 292 T2N0. No patients had pre- or postoperative radio- or chemotherapy. Prognostic significance of the following independent variables was tested using univariate (log-rank) and multivariate (Cox proportional-hazards) analysis: type of resection (sublobar vs lobectomy vs pneumonectomy), histology (squamous cell vs adenocarcinoma), tumour size (3 cm vs >3 cm), histologic vascular invasion, visceral pleura involvement, positive bronchial resection margin, general T status. Results: Overall 5-year survival was 63%. In both univariate and multivariate survival analysis, significant prognostic factors were histology (adenocarcinoma 65% vs squamous cell carcinoma 51%), tumour size (3 cm 67% vs >3 cm 46%), and the presence of negative resection margin. Five-year survival by general T status was 66% in T1N0 vs 55% in T2N0 disease (P=0.19). Conclusions: Despite advances in early diagnosis and surgical technique, 5-year survival of stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma remains low as compared to survival of other solid organ neoplasm. Tumour size 3 cm, adenocarcinoma histologic type and negative bronchial resection margins were associated with a more favourable outcome in our patient population. More effective multimodality treatments are needed to increase survival rates.

Key Words: Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer • Stage I non-small cell lung cancer • Surgery

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