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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;22:1-6
© 2002 Elsevier Science NL

Outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for high-grade dysplasia of the esophagus

Division of Thoracic Surgery and the Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Received 17 September 2001; received in revised form 22 February 2002; accepted 15 March 2002.

* Corresponding author. UPMC Presbyterian, Suite C800 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Tel.: +1-412-647-7555; fax: +1-412-647-7550
e-mail: fernandohc{at}msx.upmc.edu

Objective: The management of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) of the esophagus is controversial with some clinicians advocating non-operative ablation or surveillance. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) allows re-section of the esophagus and may minimize morbidity. This report summarizes our experience with MIE for HGD. Methods: A retrospective review of 28 patients who underwent MIE for a pre-operative diagnosis of HGD. MIE initially involved a laparoscopic transhiatal approach (n=1), but subsequently evolved to laparoscopy with VATS mobilization (n=27) of the esophagus. Results: From August 1996 to March 2001, 28 patients underwent MIE. There were 23 males and five females; median age was 61 (40–78) years. Median hospital stay was 5 (3–20) days and ICU stay was 1 (1–20) day. One patient required conversion to laparotomy because of dense adhesions. There were ten other patients who had successful MIE despite prior laparotomy. Median operating time was 8 (5.8–13) h. One death occurred from sepsis, pneumonia and multi-system organ failure. Complications occurred in 15 patients. In addition to the patient who died, five re-operations were required for: small bowel perforation (n=1), jejunostomy leak (n=1), pyloric dilation for gastric outlet obstruction (n=1), cholecystectomy (n=1), incision and drainage of an abdominal abscess (n=1). Final pathologies were HGD (n=17), in situ cancer (n=6) and invasive cancer (n=5). At a median follow-up of 13 (2–41) months all hospital survivors are alive and free of disease. Conclusions: This report confirms the risk of occult cancer in patients with HGD (39% in this series) supporting the recommendation for esophagectomy. MIE can be performed with acceptable results and may minimize morbidity compared to previous reports of open esophagectomy for HGD.

Key Words: High grade dysplasia • Minimally invasive esophagectomy

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